segunda-feira, 29 de maio de 2023

OSWA™


"The OSWA™-Assistant is a self-contained, no Operating System required, freely downloadable, standalone toolkit which is solely focused on wireless auditing. As a result, in addition to the usual WiFi (802.11) auditing tools, it also covers Bluetooth and RFID auditing. Using the toolkit is as easy as popping it into your computer's CDROM and making your computer boot from it!" read more...

Website: http://oswa-assistant.securitystartshere.org

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inBINcible Writeup - Golang Binary Reversing

This file is an 32bits elf binary, compiled from go language (i guess ... coded by @nibble_ds ;)
The binary has some debugging symbols, which is very helpful to locate the functions and api calls.

GO source functions:
-  main.main
-  main.function.001

If the binary is executed with no params, it prints "Nope!", the bad guy message.

~/ncn$ ./inbincible 
Nope!

Decompiling the main.main function I saw two things:

1. The Argument validation: Only one 16 bytes long argument is needed, otherwise the execution is finished.

2. The key IF, the decision to dexor and print byte by byte the "Nope!" string OR dexor and print "Yeah!"


The incoming channel will determine the final message.


Dexor and print each byte of the "Nope!" message.


This IF, checks 16 times if the go channel reception value is 0x01, in this case the app show the "Yeah!" message.

Go channels are a kind of thread-safe queue, a channel_send is like a push, and channel_receive is like a pop.

If we fake this IF the 16 times, we got the "Yeah!" message:

(gdb) b *0x8049118
(gdb) commands
>set {char *}0xf7edeef3 = 0x01
>c
>end

(gdb) r 1234567890123456
tarting program: /home/sha0/ncn/inbincible 1234567890123456
...
Yeah!


Ok, but the problem is not in main.main, is main.function.001 who must sent the 0x01 via channel.
This function xors byte by byte the input "1234567890123456" with a byte array xor key, and is compared with another byte array.

=> 0x8049456:       xor    %ebp,%ecx
This xor,  encode the argument with a key byte by byte

 The xor key can be dumped from memory but I prefer to use this macro:

(gdb) b *0x8049456
(gdb) commands
>i r  ecx
>c
>end
(gdb) c

 Breakpoint 2, 0x08049456 in main.func ()
ecx            0x12 18

 Breakpoint 2, 0x08049456 in main.func ()
ecx            0x45 69

 Breakpoint 2, 0x08049456 in main.func ()
ecx            0x33 51

 Breakpoint 2, 0x08049456 in main.func ()
ecx            0x87 135

 Breakpoint 2, 0x08049456 in main.func ()
ecx            0x65 101

 Breakpoint 2, 0x08049456 in main.func ()
ecx            0x12 18

 Breakpoint 2, 0x08049456 in main.func ()
ecx            0x45 69

 Breakpoint 2, 0x08049456 in main.func ()
ecx            0x33 51

 Breakpoint 2, 0x08049456 in main.func ()
ecx            0x87 135

 Breakpoint 2, 0x08049456 in main.func ()
ecx            0x65 101

 Breakpoint 2, 0x08049456 in main.func ()
ecx            0x12 18

 Breakpoint 2, 0x08049456 in main.func ()
ecx            0x45 69

 Breakpoint 2, 0x08049456 in main.func ()
ecx            0x33 51

 Breakpoint 2, 0x08049456 in main.func ()
ecx            0x87 135

 Breakpoint 2, 0x08049456 in main.func ()
ecx            0x65 101

 Breakpoint 2, 0x08049456 in main.func ()
ecx            0x12 18

The result of the xor will compared with another array byte,  each byte matched, a 0x01 will be sent.

The cmp of the xored argument byte,
will determine if the channel send 0 or 1


(gdb) b *0x0804946a
(gdb) commands
>i r al
>c
>end

At this point we have the byte array used to xor the argument, and the byte array to be compared with, if we provide an input that xored with the first byte array gets the second byte array, the code will send 0x01 by the channel the 16 times.


Now web have:

xorKey=[0x12,0x45,0x33,0x87,0x65,0x12,0x45,0x33,0x87,0x65,0x12,0x45,0x33,0x87,0x65,0x12]

mustGive=[0x55,0x75,0x44,0xb6,0x0b,0x33,0x06,0x03,0xe9,0x02,0x60,0x71,0x47,0xb2,0x44,0x33]


Xor is reversible, then we can get the input needed to dexor to the expected values in order to send 0x1 bytes through the go channel.

>>> x=''
>>> for i in range(len(xorKey)):
...     x+= chr(xorKey[i] ^ mustGive[i])
... 
>>> print x

 G0w1n!C0ngr4t5!!


And that's the key :) let's try it:

~/ncn$ ./inbincible 'G0w1n!C0ngr4t5!!'
Yeah!

Got it!! thanx @nibble_ds for this funny crackme, programmed in the great go language. I'm also a golang lover.


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Quando eu te falei em amor

Quando os meus olhos te tocaram
Eu senti que encontrara
A outra, metade de mim
Tive medo de acordar
Como se vivesse um sonho
Que não pensei em realizar
E a força do desejo
Faz me chegar perto de ti

Quando eu te falei em amor
Tu sorriste para mim
E o mundo ficou bem melhor
Quando eu te falei em amor
Nos sentimos os dois
Que o amanha vem depois
E não no fim

Estas linhas que hoje escrevo
São do livro da memória
Do que eu sinto por ti
E tudo o que tu me das
É parte da história que eu ainda não vivi
E a força do desejo
Faz me chegar de ti

Quando eu te falei em amor
Tu sorriste para mim
E o mundo ficou bem melhor
Quando eu te falei em amor
Nos sentimos os dois
Que o amanha vem depois e não no fim

André Sardet

Collide

The dawn is breaking
A light shining through
You're barely waking
And I'm tangled up in you
Yeah

But I'm open, you're closed
Where I follow, you'll go
I worry I won't see your face
Light up again

Even the best fall down sometimes
Even the wrong words seem to rhyme
Out of the doubt that fills my mind
I somehow find, you and I collide

I'm quiet, you know
You make a first impression
I've found I'm scared to know
I'm always on your mind

Even the best fall down sometimes
Even the stars refuse to shine
Out of the back you fall in time
I somehow find, you and I collide

Don't stop here
I've lost my place
I'm close behind

Even the best fall down sometimes
Even the wrong words seem to rhyme
Out of the doubt that fills your mind

You finally find, you and I collide
You finally find You and I collide
You finally findYou and I collide

Howie Day


Everything

You're a falling star, You're the get away
car.
You're the line in the sand when I go too
far.
You're the swimming pool, on an August day.
And You're the perfect thing to see.

And you play it coy, but it's kinda cute.
Ah, When you smile at me you know exactly what you
do.
Baby don't pretend, that you don't know it's
true.
Cause you can see it when I look at you.

And in this crazy life, and through these crazy
times
It's you, it's you, You make me sing.
You're every line, you're every word, you're
everything.

You're a carousel, you're a wishing well,
And you light me up, when you ring my bell.
You're a mystery, you're from outer space,
You're every minute of my everyday.

And I can't believe, uh that I'm your man,
And I get to kiss you baby just because I
can.
Whatever comes our way, ah we'll see it
through,
And you know that's what our love can do.

And in this crazy life, and through these crazy
times
It's you, it's you, You make me sing
You're every line, you're every word, you're
everything.

So, La, La, La, La, La, La, La
So, La, La, La, La, La, La, La

And in this crazy life, and through these crazy
times
It's you, it's you, You make me sing.
You're every line, you're every word, you're
everything.
You're every song, and I sing along.
Cause you're my everything.
yeah, yeah

So, La, La, La, La, La, La, La
So, La, La, La, La, La, La, La

Michael Bublé